![]() The escarpment is the most prominent of several escarpments formed in the bedrock of the Great Lakes Basin. It is composed of an outcrop belt of the Lockport Formation of Silurian age, and is similar to the Onondaga Formation, which runs in a parallel outcrop belt just to the south, through western New York and southern Ontario. The escarpment is not a fault line but the result of unequal erosion. It has the oldest forest ecosystem and trees in eastern North America. The escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. The escarpment is most famous as the cliff over which the Niagara River plunges at Niagara Falls, for which it is named. The Niagara Escarpment is a long escarpment, or cuesta, in Canada and the United States that runs predominantly east–west from New York through Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The Niagara River over thousands of years carves the Niagara Gorge over and through the Niagara Escarpment
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